---
title: TestNG Parameters
description: "**TestNG Parameters** **1. What Are TestNG Parameters?** TestNG parameters let you inject external values (strings, numbers, etc.) into your test or configuration methods, without hard-coding them. You declare parameters in your **testng.xml** and then annotate your methods with @Parameters, so…"
url: "https://vinothqaacademy.com/docs/testng-parameters/"
updated: "2025-09-16"
category: TestNG Framework
tags:
  - Testng Framework
---

# TestNG Parameters

**TestNG Parameters**

**1. What Are TestNG Parameters?**

TestNG parameters let you inject external values (strings, numbers, etc.) into your test or configuration methods, without hard-coding them. You declare parameters in your **testng.xml** and then annotate your methods with @Parameters, so you can drive things like URLs, browsers, credentials, or any other config at runtime.

```javascript

                // Example of using a parameter in a test method

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class ParameterExample {

  @Test
  @Parameters("env")            // name of the XML parameter

  public void testEnv(String env) {

    System.out.println("Running tests against environment: " + env);

    // … use `env` to pick base URL, credentials, etc. …

  }

}
```

**2. How to Run TestNG Parameters?**

**Define** your parameters in testng.xml.

**Annotate** your methods with @Parameters("name") (or multiple names).

**Point** your TestNG runner (Eclipse, CLI, Maven) at that XML—TestNG reads the values and injects them.

***Run via CLI:***

```javascript

                java -cp "bin:libs/*" org.testng.TestNG testng.xml
```

*With Maven (Surefire):*

```xml

                <build>

  <plugins>

    <plugin>

      <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

      <configuration>

        <suiteXmlFiles>

          <suiteXmlFile>testng.xml</suiteXmlFile>

        </suiteXmlFiles>

      </configuration>

    </plugin>

  </plugins>

</build>

mvn test
```

**3. Define TestNG Parameters at the Suite Level**

```javascript

                Putting <parameter> directly under <suite> makes it available to all <test> blocks and classes:

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">

<suite name="MySuite">

  <!-- Suite-level parameter -->

  <parameter name="env" value="staging"/>

  <parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>

  <test name="SmokeTests">

    <classes>

      <class name="com.example.tests.ParameterExample"/>

    </classes>

  </test>

  <test name="RegressionTests">

    <classes>

      <class name="com.example.tests.ParameterExample"/>

    </classes>

  </test>

</suite>
```

*All methods* annotated with @Parameters("env") or @Parameters("browser") in any class will receive these values when you run **MySuite**.

**4. Overriding Power in TestNG Parameters**

You can override suite-level values by redefining a parameter at the <test> level:

```xml

                <suite name="OverrideSuite">

  <!-- default values -->

  <parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>

  <!-- Uses Chrome -->

  <test name="ChromeTests">

    <classes>

      <class name="com.example.tests.ParameterExample"/>

    </classes>

  </test>

  <!-- Overrides to Firefox -->

  <test name="FirefoxTests">

    <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>

    <classes>

      <class name="com.example.tests.ParameterExample"/>

    </classes>

  </test>

</suite>
```

- **Suite-level** browser=chrome applies by default.
- **FirefoxTests** explicitly sets browser=firefox, overriding the suite default for that <test> only.

**5. Optional Parameters**

Sometimes you want a sane default if a parameter isn’t provided in the XML. Use @Optional in your method signature:

```javascript

                import org.testng.annotations.Optional;

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class OptionalParameterExample {

  @Test
  @Parameters("timeout")

  public void timeoutTest(@Optional("30") int timeoutInSeconds) {

    System.out.println("Timeout is set to " + timeoutInSeconds + " seconds");

    // … use timeoutInSeconds …

  }

}
```

- If <parameter name="timeout" …/> is present, TestNG converts its value (e.g. "45") to an int.

If it’s **missing**, TestNG uses the default 30 defined in @Optional("30").

**Putting It All Together**

```javascript

                <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">

<suite name="FullConfigSuite">

  <!-- Suite-level defaults -->

  <parameter name="env"     value="dev"/>

  <parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>

  <test name="Smoke">

    <!-- inherits env=dev, browser=chrome -->

    <classes>

      <class name="com.example.tests.FullParameterExample"/>

    </classes>

  </test>

  <test name="CrossBrowser">

    <!-- override browser only -->

    <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>

    <classes>

      <class name="com.example.tests.FullParameterExample"/>

    </classes>

  </test>

</suite>

package com.example.tests;

import org.testng.annotations.Optional;

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;

import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class FullParameterExample {

  private String env;

  private String browser;

  private int retries;

  @BeforeClass
  @Parameters({"env","browser","retries"})

  public void setUp(String env,

                    String browser,

                    @Optional("2") int retries) {

    this.env = env;

    this.browser = browser;

    this.retries = retries;

    System.out.printf("Env=%s, Browser=%s, Retries=%d%n", env, browser, retries);

    // … initialize WebDriver based on browser …

  }

  @Test
  public void sampleTest() {

    System.out.println("Running test on " + env + " in " + browser);

    // … test logic …

  }

}
```

**With this pattern you get:**

**Suite-level defaults** for broad configuration.

**Test-level overrides** for specific runs (e.g. different browsers).

**Optional fallbacks** so missing parameters don’t break your suite.