What is Tuples ?

A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable

Tuples are very similar to list, but once a tuple is created, you cannot add, delete, replace, reorder elements. ie IMMUTABLE

Tuples are enclosed parentheses ()

Each item in a Tuples is separated by a comma

Tuples are collection of items (Strings, integers or even other lists)

Each item in the Tuples has an assigned index value.

       Eg: tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 

Creating Tuples in python

# Create an Empty Tuple
tuple1  = () 
print("Empty Tuple",tuple1)

#Tuple having integers
tuple2 = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print("Tuple having integers",tuple2)

# Tuple having strings
tuple3 = ("Python","Java","C")
print("Tuple having strings",tuple3)

# Nested Tuples
tuple4 = ((15, 25), ("Python","Data Science"))
print("Nested Tuples",tuple4)

# Tuples of different datatypes
tuple5 = (50, 98.3,'Python', (15, 25) )
print("Tuples of different datatypes",tuple5)

Output:
Empty Tuple ()
Tuple having integers (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
Tuple having strings ('Python', 'Java', 'C')
Nested Tuples ((15, 25), ('Python', 'Data Science'))
Tuples of different datatypes (50, 98.3, 'Python', (15, 25))

Note: While creating tuples with single value, comma(,) needs to be included. If not instead of tuples , string data type will be created.

# Parenthesis without comma at the end
name = ('python')
print(type(name))

# Parenthesis with comma at the end
name2 = ('python',)
print(type(name2))

Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'tuple'>

List Indexing and Slicing

We can access individual elements using indexing and a range of characters using slicing.

Index starts from 0

Left to right direction

Negative Indexing

Index starts from -1

Right to left direction

The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the second last item and so on

Sample Code

#Tuple having integers
tuple1 = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print(tuple1[2]) #print second element

#print last element using negative index
print(tuple1[-2])

#slicing from index 1 to index 3
print(tuple1[1:3])

# Other ways of slicing - Use it as per the requirement
print(tuple1[:])
print(tuple1[1:]) 
print(tuple1[:3])

Output:
30
40
(20, 30)
(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
(20, 30, 40, 50)
(10, 20, 30)

Updating Tuples

Tuples are immutable which means you cannot update or change the values of tuple elements

# Sample Code
# Will get TypeError
tuple1 = ("Python","Java","C")
tuple1[2] = "R" 

Output:
TypeError:Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-0849a64bef27> in <module>()
      1 # Will get TypeError
      2 tuple1 = ("Python","Java","C")
----> 3 tuple1[2] = "R"

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

Delete Tuple Elements

Removing individual tuple elements is not possible

To explicitly remove an entire tuple, just use the del statement

#Sample Code
# Delete a particular item
tuple2 = ("Python","Java","C")

del tuple2[0]
print(tuple2) 

Output:
TypeError: Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-11-413b086685e6> in <module>()
      2 tuple2 = ("Python","Java","C")
      3 
----> 4 del tuple2[0]
      5 print(tuple2)

TypeError: 'tuple' object doesn't support item deletion

# Delete the full tuple
tuple2 = ("Python","Java","C")

del tuple2
print(tuple2) 

Output:
NameError: Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-12-95a8d54347f4> in <module>()
      3 
      4 del tuple2
----> 5 print(tuple2)

NameError: name 'tuple2' is not defined

Traversing Tuple using for loop

#loop through a Tuple

Month = ("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","June","July","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec")

for element in Month:
    print(element)

Output:
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Tuples Methods

1. Concatenation

# "+" - It Concatenates two tuples tuple1 and tuple2
tuple1 = ("Vinoth","Anand","Kumaran")
tuple2 = ("Sathish","Vignesh")
Finaltuple = tuple1 + tuple2
print(tuple1)
print(tuple2)
print(Finaltuple)

Output:
('Vinoth', 'Anand', 'Kumaran')
('Sathish', 'Vignesh')
('Vinoth', 'Anand', 'Kumaran', 'Sathish', 'Vignesh')

2. Length

# Length of sequence, i.e. the number of elements in the Tuple.
tuple1 = (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,34,56,78,45,67,45,86,222)
print("length of the Tuple is",len(tuple1))

Output:
length of the Tuple is 16

3. Repetition

# n copies of tuples concatenated
tuple1 = ("Python",)
print(tuple1 * 7)

Output:
('Python', 'Python', 'Python', 'Python', 'Python', 'Python', 'Python')

4. Membership

# Sample Code for 'in' operator - True if element x is in tuple.
tuple1 = (26, 34, 24, 61, 132)
print(24 in tuple1)

# Sample Code for 'not in' operator -True if element x is not in tuple.
print(35 not in tuple1)

Output:
True
True

5. Smallest number in the Tuple

# Smallest element in Tuple
tuple1 = (26, 34, 24, 61, 132)
print("The smallest number in the tuple is",min(tuple1))

Output:
The smallest number in the tuple is 24

6. Largest number in the Tuple

#Largest element in Tuple.
tuple1 = (26, 34, 24, 61, 132)
print("The largest number in the tuple is",max(tuple1))

Output:
The largest number in the tuple is 132

7. Sum of all the numbers in the Tuples

# Sum of all numbers in Tuple
tuple1 = (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,34,56,78,45,67,45,86,222)
print("Sum of all the numbers in the tuple is",sum(tuple1))

Output:
Sum of all the numbers in the tuple is 686

8. Count

#  Returns the number of times element x appears in the Tuple.
numbers = (1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2)
print("The number of times element occured is",numbers.count(1))

Output:
The number of times element occured is 3

9. Index

index() method searches for the given element in a tuple and returns its position. However, if the same element is present more than once, the first/smallest position is returned.

# Integer example
numbers = (1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2)
print("The index value of given integer is",numbers.index(3))

# String example
names = ('Vinoth', 'Anand', 'Kumaran', 'Sathish', 'Raghul', 'Santhosh')
print("The index value of given string is",names.index('Sathish'))

Output:
The index value of given integer is 2
The index value of given string is 3

10. Sorted

The sorted() method sorts the elements of a given list in a specific order - Ascending or Descending.

By default in ascending order

The original list is not changed.

Note: A list also has sort() method which performs the same way as sorted(). Only difference being, sort() method doesn't return any value and changes the original list itself.

# Sort the vowels in Ascending order
vowels = ('e', 'a', 'u', 'o', 'i')
print('Sorted Tuple:', sorted(vowels))

Output:
Sorted Tuple: ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']

# Setting reverse=True sorts the Tuples in the descending order
vowels = ('e', 'a', 'u', 'o', 'i')
print('Sorted Tuple (in Descending):', sorted(vowels,reverse=True))

Output:
Sorted Tuple (in Descending): ['u', 'o', 'i', 'e', 'a']

# Sort the numbers in Ascending order
numbers = (99, 19, 4, 1, 54, 25, 2)
print('Sorted Numbers:', sorted(numbers))

Output:
Sorted Numbers: [1, 2, 4, 19, 25, 54, 99]

Note: Methods that add items or remove items are not available with tuple as it is immutable

How to creating tuples using tuple()?

# Creating a tuple from a list
tuple1 = tuple([0, 5, 10, 20])
print('List to Tuple Conversion', tuple1)

# Creating a tuple from a string
tuple2 = tuple('Happy')
print('String to Tuple Conversion', tuple2)

# Creating a tuple from a dictionary
tuple3 = tuple({1: 'Vinoth', 2: 'Anand'})
print('Dictionary to Tuple Conversion', tuple3)

Output:
List to Tuple Conversion (0, 5, 10, 20)
String to Tuple Conversion ('H', 'a', 'p', 'p', 'y')
Dictionary to Tuple Conversion (1, 2)

Advantages of Tuple over List

If you have data that doesn't change, implementing it as tuple will guarantee that it remains write-protected.

Since tuple are immutable, iterating through tuple is faster than with list. So there is a slight performance boost.

Tuples that contain immutable elements can be used as key for a dictionary. With list, this is not possible.